task6题目 Listening Part:

　　Listen to part of a talk in a sociology class.

　　Now let’s talk about a particular cultural process: diffusion. Since the beginning of human history, diverse cultures have taken advantage of one another’s innovations when they’ve come into contact. Diffusion is the process whereby something cultural…like a custom, a type of food or an invention is spread from one group to another, or from one society to another. One group adopts a cultural item, or, more selectively, just part of a cultural item of another group, you see?

　　Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism or even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world. For example take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the US. Have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page you’ re reading, where they came from? They were borrowed from another culture many centuries ago.

　　Then, the printing of the words, well, that process was invented in Germany, and finally, the paper itself, the paper was invented in China. These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time, and so today we have newspapers in the US. So the process of diffusion might take place over long distances and over long periods of time.

　　Now I’m not saying that diffusion happens easily, as I mentioned, sometimes it’s selective. For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. The Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or relieve pain. So, lots of people in the US have realized that acupuncture is effective, but few of them fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture. Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values. But the ideas which aren’t perceived as too different, are often incorporated, absorbed, diffused into their culture, so the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into US culture, but not the philosophies of Chinese medicine.

　　Question:

　　Using points and examples from the talk explain the concept of diffusion.

　　答案解析：

　　Reading key

　　1.Main topic: diffusion: when a cultural item is borrow from one culture to another, sometime they can be selective

　　2.First example: newspaper in the US

　　(2.1) Printing was invented in Germany; paper was invented in China

　　(2.2) It happened over a long period of time and distances

　　3.Second example: acupuncture

　　(3.1) Americans accepted the practice of acupuncture

　　(3.2) But not the philosophy of Chinese medicine

　　(3.3) Because the Chinese medicine philosophy too different and foreign from what the Americans believe